Low dimensional modeling of Double T-junctions in water distribution networks using Kriging interpolation and Delaunay triangulation

Water distribution networks are subject to potential intentional contaminations to cause harm to the consumer. Reliable transport models are needed to detect, trace and follow any contaminant transported inside the network. For now, the transport of contaminants in pipes has been mostly modeled assuming perfect mixing conditions at T-junction. However, some studies have shown that it is not always the case when crosses or double T-junctions are involved. In this paper an imperfect mixing at Double T-junction model is developed considering 3-D mixing behavior. A reduced model is then constructed in the form of a 1-D law to apply it to current 1-D transport models for water distribution networks. The methodology to create such law is detailed and can be applied to any reduced model problem including multi parameters and time consuming simulations. The procedure is composed of three steps: first calibrate the Kriging interpolation method parameters; then couple it with the Delaunay triangulation method to select simulation points with maximum gain; and finally implement a 1-D law based on the simulation results and the interpolation.